Ephedra sinica belongs to the Ephedraceae family. Ephedra sinica has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine (approximately 5000 years), with uses in the treatment of allergies, nasal congestion, bronchial asthma, coughs, and flu. The drug is known under the name of “Ma-huang” which was traditionally obtained from the dry stems of Ephedra sinica. The plant contains many bioactive components such as alkaloids, i.e., ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (isoephedrine), nor-pseudoephedrine (cathine), nor-ephedrine, methyl ephedrine, methyl pseudoephedrine, tannins, and other constituents, including quinoline and 6-hydroxy kynurenic acid (Friedrich and Wiedemeyer, 1976; Cui et al., 1991; Caveney and Starratt, 1994). The phenolic compounds isolated from Ephedra exhibit substantial antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, and Aspergillus niger, a fungus (Khan et al., 2017). From the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the EtOH extracts from E. sinica, 12 A-type proanthocyanidins are isolated and identified. These compounds are tested by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative) and fungi, with a concentration range of 0.00515–1.38 mmol/L (Zang et al., 2013) (Fig. 4.3).